Exercise and Emergence of Modern System

Question: Discuss about the Exercise and Emergence of Modern System. Answer: Introduction: With the advancement in the fields of science and technology, it was imperative for women to move up in the society worldwide. Women of today's era are graduating from college and high school at rates that are unprecedented. With increasing rate of globalization and industrialization, the number of female CEOs is increasing in the corporate sector. The world has more number of female lawyers than ever. It can be considered that the position of women has been improving during the last decades. The extent of change and the reasons behind the change is debatable[1]. During the interwar period, the revolution of urban modernization was associated with opposition to the ideals of womanhood. However, the participation of women in a culture of body consciousness, leisure and consumption gave rise to the creation of images of the modern woman of the Shanghai and Berlin during the early 1930s and 1920s while women in the Republican Shanghai and Berlin during were feared as well as desired for their participation and roles in the crucial changes in these two metropoles. The interwar period dealt with the discourses that were burdened with anxiety regarding the sexual disorder and decay of morals became the dominating forces that determined the attitude of the people towards the roles of the women in the urban society. During the interwar period, contending the ideals of womanhood was associated with the urban modernization. Methodological and historical considerations provide the justification regarding a broad introduction to the discourse of modern womanhood. First, although historians draw out a significant shift to a model of post franchise about the modern womanhood more clearly individualized and feminine and ideological associations with the previous models exist[2]. As the representational typologies and conventions of modern womanhood keep the changes and continuities, it is very crucial in charting them. In the historical discussions of modern womanhood, the relationships between the concepts and ideas manifested in different forms of representations like images. The assumptions that women are meant to care about the domesticity is not irrelevant and unfair. In the interwar period, the major focus was on the sexual mores and gender roles. This was resulting in anxieties and backlashes regarding the role of women[3]. During the 1980s and early years of 1990s, the historians who researched on gender and women during the interwar period had arrived at a consensus that the earlier generations had magnified the effects of the First World War[4]. The social status of women has been under constant changes from the times of Industrial Revolution to the 1970s[5]. The combination of the elements such as the restrictions regarding the employment of women, ideology and banning of child labour has been an issue since ages. Thus, the idea of cornflake packet family was born in which man was considered as the bread earner, wife was in charge of taking care of the household chores and the family having two children as in a girl and a boy[6]. The extent to which the inequality and various other aspects are connected denotes that specific use of the concept of patriarchy describes these social relations. The system of patriarchy was prevalent in the society in which the men exploit, dominated and oppressed women. Women were emancipated from the burdened responsibilities of being waged labour along with bringing in greater comfort and more leisure. However, the changes in society and economy have brought alterations in the social status and situation for women. These obsolete systems of the society had enabled women into pursuing the household and childbearing tasks[7]. Even after the interwar period, there is an astonishing continuation in the extent of sexual segregation in the work environment including the ratio between the pay scale of women and men. Changes in one area of lives of women had huge implications on the equality between the sexes and did not resonate by similar progress in other areas. However, it is true that the range of opportunities on the professional front was open to women towards the end of the nineteenth century. The times before interwar period have witnessed the importance to the experience of production and reproduction by women. The discourse on gender role post-war emphasized the conventional pre-war on the roles of the gender, i.e. motherhood and marriage[8]. On the other hand, it is possible to be dismissive of the framework on the legal front within which women had to live their lives. During the pre-interwar period, married women had no capacity to make any contracts in the market or have any legal personalities. There was a lack of access to divorce. The legal obligations to provide sexual service and household chores to husbands drew the basic meaning of marriage for women. In spite of all inhibitions, women tried to make ends meet by borrowing, pawning, taking in lodgers, washing or sewing, charring, bartering, etc. in spite of the challenges that they were facing, the women of the working class in the early part of the post interwar period, were proud of the work they were doing[9]. It was also seen that the in most of the cases the work of the wives and husbands were complementary in nature. Women had the privilege of judging their husbands according to the regularity and amount of wages that they brought to the home and in return, they were expected to be judged in accordance with their efficiency to manage within limited resources. The deceit created by the scarce financial resources and the extent to which the domestic violence provided a way for the enforcement of sexual importance to the desire men. Modernization of women or feminism was a revolution that called the attention to the diversity of political and social reality of women centralizing the experiences of women regarding the social conditions and changes in the political movements. Modernization of women can be regarded as the struggle to curb the sexist oppression. The objective of the modernization is not limited to any specific section, race, and sex or class oppression. Thus, the concept of modern women compels to centralize the social predicaments of women who tolerated the brunt of sexist oppression as a medium for the comprehension regarding the collective status of women regarding society and politics. The development of the concept of modern women was necessary as it was the initiation of the exploration of empowerment for women. Post interwar period witnessed a wider range of occupations for female workers and led to the collapse of women's conventional role, domestic service in particular[10]. A modern woman is an individual having her own set of strengths and weakness which may or may not conform to the roles of gender. A modern woman is supposed to be separated from the stereotypes. She is supposed to be brave, intelligent and introspective to be aware of her own strengths and weaknesses. In today's age, it is the choice of the women to decide what type of career she wants for herself, dresses that she want to wear. The concept of the modern woman also includes the fact that no woman has to carry the burden of accountability on her shoulders. A modern woman is a girl who is being nurtured in a similar way as a man. The radicalization and changes in the society have resulted in the expectations of the society regarding a woman to be as good as a man[11]. A modern woman accepts that fact that existing on the verge of equality, working or staying at home, or selecting between various career options, etc., women are both criticized and is the harshest critics. Women are moving up and getting more rights and power. Economy and society have room for both men and women equally[12]. Conclusion: The foundation of modernization of women must be determined by the recognition of eradication of the differentiation of various forms of group oppression. Without altering or challenging the philosophical structures, no reforms regarding the modernization of women will continue to have a long-term impact. Consequently, it is imperative for the society to acknowledge the struggle of women that cannot be defined as the movement to obtain equality with men socially. It is a fact that there are not much of harmful and demanding expectations that are equally being projected upon men. Stereotypes pose threat to everyone. Nonetheless, men have not yet face the same inequality as the women being their counterparts have. The voice of the men has always been given importance and precedence over women's. In this context, the theory of modernization has brought women more assertive, stronger than men and more beautiful than the women in the pre interwar period. References Angelotta C. Defining and refining self-harm: a historical perspective on nonsuicidal self-injury. The Journal of nervous and mental disease. 2015 Feb 1;203(2):75-80. Bernstein MA. The tale of the tribe: Ezra Pound and the modern verse epic. Princeton University Press; 2014 Jul 14. Clover CJ. 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